Gallbladder Surgery: What Type of Anaesthesia Is Used?
General anaesthesia is standard for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide, requiring complete muscle relaxation and controlled ventilation neither achievable under regional anaesthesia. The patient is unconscious and pain-free, and...
Recurrent Hernia After Previous Repair: What Are the Surgical Options?
A hernia that returns after repair is treatable, but the surgery is more complex. Scar tissue, prior mesh, and altered anatomy make dissection harder and raise complication risks.The approach depends on what was done before. Laparoscopic repair is preferred after open...
Is Laparoscopic Surgery Safe for Women Who’ve Had Multiple C-Sections?
Laparoscopic surgery is safe after multiple C-sections, but requires more careful planning. Each C-section leaves adhesions scar tissue that binds pelvic and abdominal structures in ways that don’t show on imaging. These increase the risk of bowel or bladder...